Ανιχνεύοντας το όριο μειόκαινου - πλειόκενου στη λεκάνη του Στρυμόναβάσει των βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων = Tracing the miocene-pliocene bountary in Stymon basin based on benthanic foraminifera.
Περίληψη
Πραγματοποιήθηκε η δειγματοληψία φυσικής τομής από την περιοχή της Μυρρίνης για τις ανάγκες της εργασίας. Τα δείγματα καταγράφηκαν, περιγράφηκαν τα μακροσκοπικά τους χαρακτηριστικά όπως το χρώμα, η σύσταση, τα θραύσματα που περιέχονταν, επεξεργάστηκαν και πλύθηκαν προκειμένου μελετηθεί η μικροπανίδα τρηματοφόρων. Επίσης, ζυγίστηκε το αρχικό και τελικό βάρος με σκοπό να υπολογιστεί το ποσοστό της άμμου και της ιλύος/αργίλου που εμπεριείχαν τα δείγματα.
Ο αριθμός των τρηματοφόρων που συλλέχθηκαν ανήλθε στα 777 άτομα και εξετάστηκαν προσεκτικά κάτω από το μικροσκόπιο, προσδιορίστηκαν 39 γένη και 64 είδη. Στη συνέχεια έλαβε χώρα η στατιστική τους επεξεργασία για τον υπολογισμό δεικτών ποικιλότητας για το χαρακτηρισμό του παλαιοπεριβάλλοντος. Επίσης προσδιορίσθηκε το παλαιοβάθος της περιοχής και οι περιβαλλοντικές συνθήκες που επικρατούσαν κατά το Μειόκαινο-Πλειόκαινο.
Τα ιζήματα από τα οποία λήφθηκαν τα αποτελέσματα ήταν της ηλικίας του Πλειοκαίνου καθώς στα Μειοκαινικά ιζήματα δεν βρέθηκε ίχνος μικροπανίδας. Τα στρώματα αυτά πιθανά ανήκουν στα υφάλμυρα στρώματα Παρατηθύος ή σε ένα μεταβατικό στρώμα προς τα θαλάσσια ιζήματα του Πλειοκαίνου. Κατά το Πλειόκαινο η περιοχή αποτελεί μια θάλασσα βάθους περίπου 90 m πλούσια σε οργανικό υλικό και πιθανά χαμηλής οξυγόνωσης αλλά με μεγάλη αφθονία σε τρηματοφόρα. Στη συνέχεια σταδιακά μεταβάλλεται σε ρηχή θάλασσα με συνθήκες υψηλής ενέργειας, καλή οξυγόνωση και βλάστηση. Οι παραπάνω παρατηρήσεις συνέβαλλαν στην κατανόηση του παλαιοπεριβάλλοντος της Μυρρίνης και των γεωλογικών χαρακτηριστικών της περιοχής, μέσω της μελέτης των τρηματοφόρων.
The aim of the present dissertation is the study of benthic foraminifera, in order to determine the palaeoenvironment and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary at Myrrini region. The area of Myrrini is located at the surrounding district of the Strymon basin and has been chosen because many scientists throughout the years, have dealt with the presence of the Paratethys sea in this region and the determination of the Miocene-Pliocene boundary, that has almost never been studied before from the foraminiferal perspective. The Paratethys sea was part of the Tethys ocean which developed mainly at Miocene and Pliocene and divided into smaller pieces, but it was always connected with Northern Greece area and the Strymon basin.
Sampling was carried out from a natural section in the area of Myrrini. The samples were recorded, their macroscopic features such as color, composition and fragments were described, and then they were elaborated and washed in order to study the microfauna. The initial and final weight were also weighed, in order to calculate the sand and silt/clay contained proportion.
The collected number of foraminifera has reached 777 individuals, where 64 species belonging to 39 genera were identified. Then statistical analysis took place and diversity indices were calculated in order to identify the paleoenvironment. The paleodepth and the environmental conditions that prevailed in the area during the Miocene-Pliocene, were also determined.
Since no foraminiferal fauna has been found in the Miocene sediments, all the elaborated results came from the Pliocene samples. These layers probably represent the brackish layers of Paratethys or a transitional layer to the marine Pliocene sediments. During the Pliocene, the area was a sea of about 90 m deep, rich in organic matter and possibly low oxygenation but with a large abundance of foraminifera. The area then gradually changed into a shallow sea with high energy conditions, good oxygenation and vegetation. The above observations contributed to the understanding of the paleoenvironment of Myrrini and the geological characteristics of the area, through the study of foraminifera.
Πλήρες Κείμενο:
PDFΑναφορές
Almogi-Labin, A., Perelis-Grossovicz, L. and Raab, M., 1992. Living Ammonia from a hypersaline inland pool, Dead Sea area, Israel. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 22, 257-266.
Alve, E. and Bernhard, J. M., 1995. Vertical migratory response of benthic foraminifera to controlled oxygen concentrations in an experimental mesocosm, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 11 (6), 137-151.
Alve, E. and Murray, J. W., 1999. Marginal marine environments of the Skagerrak and Kattegat: a baseline study of living (stained) benthic foraminiferal ecology. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 146, 171-193.
Barras, C., Jorissen, F. J., Labrune, C., Andral, B. and Boissery, P., 2014. Live benthic foraminiferal faunas from the French mediterranean coast: towards a new biotic index of environmental quality. Ecol. Ind., 36, 719-743.
Boltovskoy, E., Sott, D. B. and Medioli, E. S., 1991. Morphological variations of benthic foraminiferal tests in response to changes in ecological parameters: a review: Journal of Paleontology, 65, 175-185.
Burke, J. E. and Hull, P. M., 2017. Effect of gross morphology on modern planktonic foraminiferal test strength under compression. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 36(2), 174-182.
Cimerman, F. and Langer, M. R., 1991, Mediterranean Foraminifera, Slovenska Akademija Znanosti, Ljubljana, pp. 118.
Coccioni, R., 2000. Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution –a case study from the Goro Lagoon (Italy). In: Martin, R.E. (Ed.), Environmental Micropaleontology: The Application of Microfossils to Environmental Geology.Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 71–103
Debenay, J. P., Tsakirides, E., Soulard, R. and Grossel, H., 2001. Factors determining thedistribution of foraminiferal assemblages in Port Joinville Harbor (Ile d' Yeu,
France): the influence of pollution. Marine Micropaleontology, 43, 75-118.
Dimiza, M. D., Koukousioura, O., Triantaphyllou, M. V. and Dermitzakis, M. D., 2016. Live and dead benthic foraminiferal assemblages from coastal environments of the Aegean Sea (Greece): Distribution and diversity. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 59, 19-32.
Geslin, E., Debenay, J. P. and Lesourd, M., 1998. Abnormal wall textures and test deformation in Ammonia beccarii (hyaline foraminifer): Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 28, 148-156.
Goldstein S., 1999, Foraminifera: A Biological Overview. In: Sen Gupta BK, editor. Modern Foraminifera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing, 37-56.
Gramann, F. and Kockel, F., 1969. Das Neogen im Strimonbecken (Greihisch-Ostmazedonien). Teil I: Lithologie, Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie. Geologisches Jahrbuch, 87, 445-484.
Hammer, O., Harper, D. A. T. and Ryan, P.D., 2001. Past Paleontological statistics software. Package for education and data analysis, Paleontologia Electronica.
Hottinger, L., Halicz, E. and Reiss, Z., 1993. Recent Foraminiferida from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Slovenska Akademija Znanosti, Ljubljana, 32, 176-230.
Jorissen, F. J., 1987. The distribution of benthic foraminifera in the Adriatic Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 12, 21-48.
Jorissen, F. J., 1988. Benthic foraminifera from the Adriatic Sea: principles of phenotypic variation. Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin, 37, 1-174.
Jorissen, F. J., de Stigter, H. C. and Widmark, J. G. V., 1995. A conceptual model explaining benthic foraminiferal microhabitats, Marine Micropalaeontology, 26, 3-15.
Jorissen, F. J., Wittling, I., Peypouquet, J. P., Rabouille, C. and Relexans, J. C., 1998. Live benthic foraminiferal faunas off Cap Blanc, NW-Africa: community structure and microhabitats. Deep-Sea Research I, 45, 2157-2188.
Kaminski M. A., Waśkowska, A., Chan, S., 2016. Haplophragmoides arcticus n.sp.—a new species from the Pleistocene of the Central Arctic Ocean. Micropaleontology. 62(6), 509–513.
Karakitsios, V., Cornée, J. J., Tsourou, Th., Moissette, P., Kontakiotis, G., Agiadi, K., Manoutsoglou, E., Triantaphyllou, M., Koskeridou, E., Drinia, H. and Roussos, D., 2017.
Messinian salinity crisis record under strong freshwater input in marginal, intermediate, and deep environments: The case of the North Aegean. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 485(1), 316-335.
Kilias, A., Falalakis, G. and Mountrakis, D., 1999. Cretaceous-Tertiary structures and kinematics of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks and their relation to the exhumation of the Hellenic hinterland (Macedonia, Greece). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 88, 513-531.
Koukousioura, O., Triantaphyllou, M. V., Dimiza, M. D., Pavlopoulos, K., Syrides, G. and Vouvalidis, K., 2012. Benthic foraminiferal evidence and Paleoenvironmental evolution of Holocene coastal plains in the Aegean Sea (Greece). Quaternary International, 261, 105-117.
Koutsoukos, E. A. M., Leary, P. N., Hart and M. B., 1990. Latest Cenomanian - earliest Turonian low oxygen tolerant benthonic foraminifera: a case-study from the Sergipe basin (N.E. Brazil) and the western Anglo-Paris basin, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 77, 145-177.
Kricher, J. C., 1972. Bird species diversity: The effect of species richness and equitability on the diversity index. Ecology, 53(2), 278-282.
Langer, M. R., 1988. Recent epiphytic foraminifera from Vulcano (Mediterranean Sea). Revue de Paleobiologie, 2 (Special Volume), 827-832.
Loeblich, A. R. and Tappan, H., 1987. Foraminiferal Genera and Their Classification. vol. 2, Van Nostrad Reinhold, New York.
Meriç, E., Yokes, M. B., Avsar, N., Kıyak, N. G., Oner, E., Nazik, A., Demirtash, E., Dinçer, F. and Oztürk, M. Z., 2015. Did Amphistegina lobifera Larsen reach the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal?. Quaternary International, 401, 91-98.
Murray, J. W. 1976. Comparative studies of living and dead benthic foraminiferal distributions. In: Hedley R.H., Adams C.G. (Eds.), Foraminifera. Academic Press. Valchev, B. 2003. On the potential of Small Benthic Foraminifera as Palaeoecological Indicators: Recent Advances. Annual of University of Mining and Geology, 46, Geology and
Geophysics, 189-194.
Murray, J., 2006 Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Μurray, J. W., 1991. Ecology and Palaeoecology of Benthic Foraminifera. 397 pp. Longman Harlow.
Popov, S. V., Shcherba I.G., Ilyina, L. B., Nevesskaya, L. A., Paramonova N. P., Khondkarian, S. O. and Magyard, I., 2006. Late Miocene to Pliocene palaeogeography of the Paratethys and its relation to the Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 238, 91-106.
Rasmussen, T. L., 2005. Systematic paleontology and ecology of benthic foraminifera from the Plio-Pleistocene Kallithea Bay section, Rhodes, Greece. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication 39, 53-157.
Rogerson, M., Kouwenhoven, T. J., Van Der Zwaan, G. J., O'Neill, B. J., Van Der Zwan, C. J., Postma, G., Kleverlaan, K. and Tijbosch, H., 2006. Benthic foraminifera of a Miocene canyon and fan, Marine Micropalaeontology, 60, 295-318.
Rupp, C., 1986. Paläoökologie der Foraminiferen in der Sandschalerzone (Badenien, Miozän) des Wiener, Wien, Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreich, 12, 1-180.
Sgarrella, F. and Moncharmont Zei, M., 1993. Benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Naples (Italy): systematics and autoecology. Bollettino della Societá Paleontologica Italiana, 32, 145-264.
Shannon, C. E., Weaver, W., 1963. The mathematical theory of communication, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.
Snel, E., Mărunţeanu, M. and Meulenkamp, J. E., 2006. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Miocene and Lower Pliocene of the Northern Aegean (Orphanic Gulf-Strimon Basin areas), Greece. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 238, 125-150.
Syrides, G., 1998. Paratethyan Mollusc faunas from the Neogene of Macedonia and Thrace, Northern Greece. Romanian Journal of Stratigraphy, 78, 171-180.
Syrides, G., 2000. Neogene marine cycles in Strymon basin, Macedonia, Greece, Geological Survey of Greece, Special. Publications, 9, 217-225.
Triantaphyllou , M. V., Gogou, A., Dimiza, M. D., Kostopoulou, S., Parinos, C., Roussakis, G., Geraga, M., et al., 2016. Holocene Climatic Optimum centennial-scale paleoceanography in the NE Aegean (Mediterranean Sea). Geo - Mar. Lett. 36, 51-66.
Triantaphyllou, M. V., Kouli, K., Tsourou, T., Koukousioura, O., Pavlopoulos, K., Dermitzakis, M. D., 2010a. Paleoenvironmental changes since 3000 BC in the coastal marsh of Vravron. Quaternary International 216, 14-22.
Van der Zwaan, G. J., Jorissen, F. J. and De Stigter, H. C., 1990. The depth dependency of planktonic/benthonic foraminiferal ratios: constraints and applications. Marine Geology, 95, 1-16.
Vasiliev, J., Mezger, E. M., Lugli, S., Reichart, G., Manzi, V. and Roveri, M., 2017. How dry was the Mediterranean during the Messinian salinity crisis?, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 471, 120-133.
Weinkauf, M. F. G., Kunze, J. G., Waniek, J. J. and Kučera, M., 2016. Seasonal Variation in Shell Calcification of Planktonic Foraminifera in the NE Atlantic Reveals Species-
Specific Response to Temperature, Productivity and Optimum Growth Conditions. PLoS ONE, 11(2).
Yanko, V., Arnold, A. J. and Parker, W. C., 1999. Effects of marine pollution on benthic foraminifera. In: Modern Foraminifera, B.K. Sen Gupta, Boston, MA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 217-235.
Ελληνική βιβλιογραφία
Ι.Γ.Μ.Ε., 1970. Γεωλογικός χάρτης της Ελλάδας, Κλίμακα: 1:50.000, Φύλλο Ροδολίβος, Ξύδας Σ., Αθήνα.
Κουκουσιούρα, Ο., 2012. Τα Βενθονικά τρηματοφόρα ως δείκτες περιβαλλοντικής υγείας των ολοκαινικών παράκτιων οικοσυστημάτων: οι περιπτώσεις του Ευβοϊκού, Θερμαϊκού κόλπου και των ακτών της Ξάνθης, Διδακτορική διατριβή, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ), σελ. 265.
Μουντράκης, Δ. Μ., 2010. Γεωλογία και Γεωτεκτονική της Ελλάδας. Θεσσαλονίκη, University Studio Press, σελ. 373.
Παυλίδης, Σ. Β., 2016. Εισαγωγή στη Νεοτεκτονική, Μορφοτεκτονική Παλαιοσεισμολογία και Αρχαιοσεισμολογία, Θεσσαλονίκη, University Studio Press, σελ. 473.
Τριανταφύλλου, Μ. Β. και Δήμιζα, Μ. Δ., 2012. Μικροπαλαιοντολογία και Γεωπεριβάλλον, Αθήνα, Εκδοτικός Όμιλος Ίων, σελ. 168.
Εισερχόμενη Αναφορά
- Δεν υπάρχουν προς το παρόν εισερχόμενες αναφορές.